HTML5: Download Attribute with Value

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 <a href="Picture1.jpg" download="book.jpg">
    Download Book Cover
 </a>

Download Attribute: HTML5


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Full Free Code: HTML5 Download Attribute with Value

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< !doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Download Attribute</title>
</head>
<body>
 
 <a href="Picture1.jpg" download="book.jpg">
    Download Book Cover
 </a>
 
</body>
</html>

temp: database name
name: collection name

Inserting 1000 Documents

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MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
connecting to: test
 
> use temp
switched to db temp
 
> for(i = 1; i < = 1000; i++) db.name.insert({a: i, b: i, c: i});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

Basic Cursor 

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> db.name.find({a: 5})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53dcd070340ac74e061d7215"), "a" : 5, "b" : 5, "c" : 5 }
 
> db.name.find({a: 5}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 1,
        "nscannedObjects" : 1000,
        "nscanned" : 1000,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1000,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 1000,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 7,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 1,
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

explain() method: MongoDB


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Creating Index on fields “a” and “b”

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> db.name.ensureIndex({a: 1, b: 1});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}
 
> db.name.find({a: 5}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor a_1_b_1",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 1,
        "nscannedObjects" : 1,
        "nscanned" : 1,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "indexBounds" : {
                "a" : [
                        [
                                5,
                                5
                        ]
                ],
                "b" : [
                        [
                                {
                                        "$minElement" : 1
                                },
                                {
                                        "$maxElement" : 1
                                }
                        ]
                ]
        },
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

indexOnly: true

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> db.name.find({a: 5})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53dcd070340ac74e061d7215"), "a" : 5, "b" : 5, "c" : 5 }
 
> db.name.find({a: 5}, {a: 1, b: 1, _id: 0})
{ "a" : 5, "b" : 5 }
 
> db.name.find({a: 5}, {a: 1, b: 1, _id: 0}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor a_1_b_1",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 1,
        "nscannedObjects" : 0,
        "nscanned" : 1,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 0,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : true,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "indexBounds" : {
                "a" : [
                        [
                                5,
                                5
                        ]
                ],
                "b" : [
                        [
                                {
                                        "$minElement" : 1
                                },
                                {
                                        "$maxElement" : 1
                                }
                        ]
                ]
        },
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

temp: database name
stu: collection name

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Inserting 10 Million Documents

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use temp
switched to db temp
 
for(i=1; i < = 10000000; i++)
db.no.insert({"student_id": i});

index creation in the foreground 

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> db.stu.ensureIndex({student_id: 1});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}

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Background Index Creation: MongoDB

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index creation in the background

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> db.stu.ensureIndex({student_id: 1}, {background: true});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}

It takes time to complete the process, as there are 10 Million documents in the collection.

example: database name
company: collection name

Insert documents

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MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
connecting to: test
> use example
switched to db example
 
> db.company.insert({name: "Apple", product: "iPhone"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.company.insert({name: "Motorola", product: "Smart Watch"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.company.insert({name: "Technotip"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.company.insert({name: "Google"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
 
> db.company.find().pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f5125d1942042b4e092b"),
        "name" : "Apple",
        "product" : "iPhone"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f52d5d1942042b4e092c"),
        "name" : "Motorola",
        "product" : "Smart Watch"
}
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f5385d1942042b4e092d"), "name" : "Technotip" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f53f5d1942042b4e092e"), "name" : "Google" }

Sparse Index – Unique Key: MongoDB


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Duplicate key error

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> db.company.ensureIndex({product: 1}, {unique: true});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "ok" : 0,
        "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error index: example.company.$product_1
  dup key: { : null }",
        "code" : 11000
}

Sparse Index

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> db.company.ensureIndex({product: 1}, {unique: true, sparse: true});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}

This creates a sparse index on “product” key/field.

system.indexes collection

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> db.system.indexes.find().pretty()
{
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
                "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "example.company"
}
{
        "v" : 1,
        "unique" : true,
        "key" : {
                "product" : 1
        },
        "name" : "product_1",
        "ns" : "example.company",
        "sparse" : true
}

sort() method

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> db.company.find().sort({product: 1}).pretty();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f5385d1942042b4e092d"), "name" : "Technotip" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f53f5d1942042b4e092e"), "name" : "Google" }
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f52d5d1942042b4e092c"),
        "name" : "Motorola",
        "product" : "Smart Watch"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f5125d1942042b4e092b"),
        "name" : "Apple",
        "product" : "iPhone"
}

Basic Cursor

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> db.company.find().sort({product: 1}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 4,
        "nscannedObjects" : 4,
        "nscanned" : 4,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 4,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 4,
        "scanAndOrder" : true,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

hint() method

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> db.company.find().sort({product: 1}).hint({product: 1}).pretty();
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f52d5d1942042b4e092c"),
        "name" : "Motorola",
        "product" : "Smart Watch"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53d9f5125d1942042b4e092b"),
        "name" : "Apple",
        "product" : "iPhone"
}

Btree Cursor

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> db.company.find().sort({product: 1}).hint({product: 1}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor product_1",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 2,
        "nscannedObjects" : 2,
        "nscanned" : 2,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 2,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 2,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "indexBounds" : {
                "product" : [
                        [
                                {
                                        "$minElement" : 1
                                },
                                {
                                        "$maxElement" : 1
                                }
                        ]
                ]
        },
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

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Insert documents

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> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "foo.test" }
 
 
> db.test.insert({name: "Satish", age: 27});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.test.insert({name: "Kiran", age: 28});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.test.insert({name: "Satish", age: 27});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

dropDups() To Remove Duplicate Documents: MongoDB


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Creating unique key on field “name”

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> db.test.ensureIndex({name: 1}, {unique: true});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "ok" : 0,
        "errmsg" : "E11000 duplicate key error index: foo.test.$name_1  dup key:
 { : \"Satish\" }",
        "code" : 11000
}

This creates error, as the collection “test” already has duplicate entries/documents.

Create Unique Key by dropping random duplicate entries

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> db.test.ensureIndex({name: 1}, {unique: true, dropDups: true});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}
 
> db.test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8f1268019dce2ce61eb86"), "name" : "Satish", "age" : 27 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8f12f8019dce2ce61eb87"), "name" : "Kiran", "age" : 28 }

foo: database name
name: collection name

Primary Key in MongoDB: _id

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> db.name.insert({_id: 1, a: 1});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "foo.name" }
 
> db.name.insert({_id: 1, a: 2});
WriteResult({
        "nInserted" : 0,
        "writeError" : {
                "code" : 11000,
                "errmsg" : "insertDocument :: caused by :: 11000 E11000 
                            duplicate key error index: foo.name.$_id_  dup key: { : 1.0 }"
        }
})

Creating Unique Key/index: MongoDB


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Creating Key/Index

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> db.name.insert({a: 1});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8cadbbbfe6d81d0bcc364"), "a" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 1, "a" : 1 }
 
> db.name.ensureIndex({a: 1});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "foo.name" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "a" : 1 }, "name" : "a_1", "ns" : "foo.name" }

Here we create index on field “a”.

Inserting duplicate values into key field

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> db.name.insert({a: 1});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> db.name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8cadbbbfe6d81d0bcc364"), "a" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 1, "a" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8cb4dbbfe6d81d0bcc365"), "a" : 1 }

Removing documents and Key/Index on field “a”

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> db.name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8cadbbbfe6d81d0bcc364"), "a" : 1 }
{ "_id" : 1, "a" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8cb4dbbfe6d81d0bcc365"), "a" : 1 }
 
> db.name.remove({a: 1});
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 3 })
 
> db.name.find()
 
> db.name.dropIndex({a: 1});
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
 
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "foo.name" }

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Creating Unique key/index on field “a”

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> db.name.ensureIndex({a: 1}, {unique: true});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}

Duplicate key error on our Unique Key!

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> db.name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8cb85bbfe6d81d0bcc366"), "a" : 1 }
 
> db.name.insert({a: 1});
WriteResult({
        "nInserted" : 0,
        "writeError" : {
                "code" : 11000,
                "errmsg" : "insertDocument :: caused by :: 11000 E11000 
                            duplicate key error index: foo.name.$a_1  dup key: { : 1.0 }"
        }
})

Now if we try to insert duplicate values into field “a” it throws duplicate key error.

foo: database name
name: collection name

Insert a document

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MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
connecting to: test
 
> use foo
switched to db foo
 
> db.name.insert({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

Here we insert {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3} into “name” collection.

Multi-key Indexes and Arrays: MongoDB


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Basic Cursor

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> db.name.find({a: 1, b: 2})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8982b79142c385cddc607"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : 3 }
 
> db.name.find({a: 1, b: 2}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 1,
        "nscannedObjects" : 1,
        "nscanned" : 1,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

Lets create index on a and b

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> db.name.ensureIndex({a: 1, b: 1});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}

Btree Cursor with multi-key as false

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> db.name.find({a: 1, b: 2}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor a_1_b_1",
        "isMultiKey" : false,
        "n" : 1,
        "nscannedObjects" : 1,
        "nscanned" : 1,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "indexBounds" : {
                "a" : [
                        [
                                1,
                                1
                        ]
                ],
                "b" : [
                        [
                                2,
                                2
                        ]
                ]
        },
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

Lets insert another document

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> db.name.insert({a: [0, 1, 2], b: 2, c: 3});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

Btree Cursor with Multi-key true

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> db.name.find({a: 1, b: 2})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8982b79142c385cddc607"), 
  "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("53d8986f79142c385cddc608"), 
  "a" : [ 0, 1, 2 ], "b" : 2, "c": 3 }
 
> db.name.find({a: 1, b: 2}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor a_1_b_1",
        "isMultiKey" : true,
        "n" : 2,
        "nscannedObjects" : 2,
        "nscanned" : 2,
        "nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 2,
        "nscannedAllPlans" : 2,
        "scanAndOrder" : false,
        "indexOnly" : false,
        "nYields" : 0,
        "nChunkSkips" : 0,
        "millis" : 0,
        "indexBounds" : {
                "a" : [
                        [
                                1,
                                1
                        ]
                ],
                "b" : [
                        [
                                2,
                                2
                        ]
                ]
        },
        "server" : "Satish-PC:27017",
        "filterSet" : false
}

Multi-Key Condition in MongoDB

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> db.name.insert({a: [0, 1, 2], b: [3, 4], c: 3});
WriteResult({
        "nInserted" : 0,
        "writeError" : {
                "code" : 10088,
                "errmsg" : "insertDocument :: caused by :: 10088 cannot 
                            index parallel arrays [b] [a]"
        }
})

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Sample document

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> use temp
switched to db temp
> show collections
no
system.indexes
 
> db.no.find({"student_id": {$lt: 3}}).pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cda"),
        "student_id" : 0,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdb"),
        "student_id" : 1,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdc"),
        "student_id" : 2,
        "name" : "Satish"
}

Fetch Index and Drop / remove Index: MongoDB


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We shall take a look at “system.indexes” collection

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> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, 
           "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "temp.no" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "student_id" : 1 }, 
           "name" : "student_id_1", "ns" : "temp.no" }

Create “another” collection

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> db.another.insert({"name": "Satish", "age": 27});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
 
> show collections
another
no
system.indexes
 
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, 
           "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "temp.no" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "student_id" : 1 }, 
           "name" : "student_id_1", "ns" : "temp.no" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, 
           "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "temp.another" }

To get index on individual collection

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> db.another.getIndexes()
[
        {
                "v" : 1,
                "key" : {
                        "_id" : 1
                },
                "name" : "_id_",
                "ns" : "temp.another"
        }
]
 
> db.no.getIndexes()
[
        {
                "v" : 1,
                "key" : {
                        "_id" : 1
                },
                "name" : "_id_",
                "ns" : "temp.no"
        },
        {
                "v" : 1,
                "key" : {
                        "student_id" : 1
                },
                "name" : "student_id_1",
                "ns" : "temp.no"
        }
]

Removing / deleting / dropping – index / key

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> db.no.dropIndex({"student_id": 1});
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
 
> db.no.getIndexes()
[
        {
                "v" : 1,
                "key" : {
                        "_id" : 1
                },
                "name" : "_id_",
                "ns" : "temp.no"
        }
]

Lets learn to create index and to optimize the database in MongoDB.

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use temp
switched to db temp
 
for(i=0; i< = 10000000; i++)
db.no.insert({"student_id": i, "name": "Satish"});

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MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
connecting to: test
> show dbs
admin    (empty)
daily    0.078GB
local    0.078GB
nesting  0.078GB
school   0.078GB
temp     3.952GB
test     0.078GB
> use temp
switched to db temp
> show collections
no
system.indexes
> db.no.find().pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cda"),
        "student_id" : 0,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdb"),
        "student_id" : 1,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdc"),
        "student_id" : 2,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdd"),
        "student_id" : 3,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cde"),
        "student_id" : 4,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdf"),
        "student_id" : 5,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce0"),
        "student_id" : 6,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce1"),
        "student_id" : 7,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce2"),
        "student_id" : 8,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce3"),
        "student_id" : 9,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce4"),
        "student_id" : 10,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce5"),
        "student_id" : 11,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce6"),
        "student_id" : 12,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce7"),
        "student_id" : 13,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce8"),
        "student_id" : 14,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ce9"),
        "student_id" : 15,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cea"),
        "student_id" : 16,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ceb"),
        "student_id" : 17,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cec"),
        "student_id" : 18,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833ced"),
        "student_id" : 19,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
Type "it" for more
 
> it

index creation: MongoDB


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> db.no.find({"student_id": 5}).pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdf"),
        "student_id" : 5,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
 
 
> db.no.findOne({"student_id": 5});
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c9020abcdd1ea7fb833cdf"),
        "student_id" : 5,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
> db.no.find({"student_id": 5000000}).pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c90ca6bcdd1ea7fbcf881a"),
        "student_id" : 5000000,
        "name" : "Satish"
}

Creating index

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> show collections
no
system.indexes
 
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "temp.no" }
 
> db.no.ensureIndex({"student_id": 1});
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}
 
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, 
                     "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "temp.no" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "student_id" : 1 }, 
                     "name" : "student_id_1", "ns" : "temp.no" }

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> db.no.find({"student_id": 5000000}).pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c90ca6bcdd1ea7fbcf881a"),
        "student_id" : 5000000,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
> db.no.find({"student_id": 10000000}).pretty()
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("53c914adbcdd1ea7fb1bd35a"),
        "student_id" : 10000000,
        "name" : "Satish"
}
>

So the querys/commands can be optimized by creating indexes on frequently accessed fields.

Lets look at some basics of indexes in MongoDB.

indexes / keys: MongoDB


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